Pinealon

Available SKUs: Pinealon 5mg per vial · Pinealon 10 mg per vial. Identical compound, same mechanism. The 10mg vial serves research programmes requiring larger reagent volumes for extended or multi-replicate study designs.

Single-Laboratory Data Disclosure: All primary Pinealon preclinical data originate from the Khavinson group (St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology). Independent replication by external laboratories has not been published in peer-reviewed literature. This is a mandatory disclosure for any Pinealon research programme.

What is Pinealon (EDR Tripeptide)?

Pinealon (EDR, Glu-Asp-Arg) is a synthetic Khavinson tripeptide bioregulator isolated from the polypeptide neuroprotective preparation Cortexin, developed at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology under Vladimir Khavinson. It is one of the shortest members of the Khavinson short peptide bioregulator class - three amino acids in the sequence glutamic acid-aspartic acid-arginine (Glu-Asp-Arg) - and belongs to the same investigational peptide family as Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) and Cortagen. Its proposed mechanism, based on published preclinical data from the Khavinson group, involves direct chromatin interaction in neural tissue and downstream gene expression modulation rather than classical receptor-mediated signalling. No cell-surface receptor for Pinealon has been identified in the published literature. Pinealon is not FDA-approved for any use and is supplied by RCDbio strictly for laboratory research.

This compound is not approved by the U.S. FDA for human or veterinary use. Intended for laboratory and research purposes only. Not a dietary supplement or consumer product. Both the 5mg and 10mg vials are research reagents only.

Chemical Properties

Shared Properties - Both Vial Sizes

SKU Format Details

How Does Pinealon Work?

Proposed Chromatin Interaction Mechanism (No Identified Receptor): Pinealon does not have an identified cell-surface receptor in the published literature. The proposed mechanism from the Khavinson research group is direct DNA/chromatin interaction in neural tissue: the EDR tripeptide is proposed to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and interact directly with neuronal chromatin, modulating gene expression in neurons involved in antioxidant defence, circadian regulation, and neuroprotection. This chromatin-interaction hypothesis is based on structural modelling and in vitro data but has not been confirmed by X-ray crystallography, cryo-EM, or validated receptor binding assays in published peer-reviewed literature. Researchers must design studies accounting for the absence of a confirmed receptor target.

ROS Suppression and Antioxidant Enzyme Upregulation: Khavinson et al. (2012, Rejuvenation Research, PMID 22567179) documented that EDR treatment of cerebellar granule cell cultures suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and was associated with upregulation of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) in neural tissue. The study also documented improved cell viability under hypoxic conditions and activation of proliferative processes in cerebellar granule cell models. ERK 1/2 MAPK pathway modulation was additionally reported in this preclinical cell model system.

Alzheimer's Disease Model and Dendritic Spine Research: Khavinson et al. (2021, Molecules, PMID 33401560) documented EDR peptide involvement in gene expression regulation pathways relevant to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, including investigation of APP processing and amyloid-related pathway gene expression modulation. Dendritic spine restoration in Alzheimer's model preparations was reported as a research finding, with mechanistic attribution to EDR-mediated gene expression changes in neuronal chromatin regulatory pathways.

What are the Potential Research Applications of Pinealon?

5mg Vial - Standard Cell Model Research

• ROS suppression and antioxidant enzyme pathway research: Investigation of SOD2 and GPX1 upregulation following EDR treatment in cerebellar granule cell and hippocampal neuron culture systems, replicating the foundational Khavinson et al. 2012 (PMID 22567179) findings in independent laboratory cell models
• Neural cell viability under oxidative stress conditions: EDR treatment dose-response studies in hypoxic or ROS-challenged neural cell model systems, investigating cell viability endpoints (MTT, LDH) at standard assay volumes
• ERK 1/2 MAPK pathway modulation: Phospho-ERK immunoblot and ELISA-based investigation of MAPK cascade activation in EDR-treated neural cell model systems, characterising downstream signalling events following proposed chromatin-level gene expression changes

10mg Vial - Extended and Multi-Replicate Research

• Alzheimer's model pathway investigation: Gene expression analysis of APP processing, amyloid pathway markers, and dendritic spine density endpoints in Alzheimer's disease cell model preparations at multiple concentration points, consistent with Khavinson et al. 2021 (PMID 33401560) research direction
• Multi-replicate dose-response and independent replication studies: The 10mg vial provides sufficient material for multiple independent experimental replicates across concentration ranges, specifically relevant given the absence of published independent replication of Khavinson group Pinealon findings

Note: These findings are based on data from a single research group. Independent replication has not been published. Results are not consistent across all models, and data remains limited. No human safety data has been established for Pinealon at either vial size.

What are the Potential Side Effects of Pinealon?

• No organ toxicity documented for EDR at research concentrations in published cell model literature
• The absence of adverse signal data reflects the limited published data scope, not confirmed safety. No chronic toxicity data exists for either vial size concentration
• No human safety data has been established for research-grade Pinealon. Data remains limited, and findings are not consistent across all model systems

Risk & Handling

Handling Precautions

• Trained laboratory personnel only. PPE: nitrile gloves, laboratory coat, eye protection
• Reconstitute under aseptic conditions with sterile water or buffer at an appropriate pH for neural cell model use

Exposure Risks

• Risk Tier: LOW - EDR is a synthetic tripeptide with no documented acute toxicity at research concentrations in published cell model data. No receptor has been identified, and no CNS pharmacodynamic signals have been documented. No human safety data established. Data scarcity does not equal confirmed safety

Storage

• Store both lyophilized variants (5mg and 10mg) at −20°C, sealed, light-protected. Stable ≥24 months lyophilized
• Reconstituted solution: use within 4 weeks at 2–8°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles

FAQs

What is the difference between the 5mg and 10mg vials?

Identical compound, mechanism, and purity. The 5mg vial is appropriate for standard cell model assays (ROS assays, cell viability, ERK immunoblot) at typical laboratory volumes. The 10mg vial is designed for extended protocols, multi-replicate independent replication studies, or multi-concentration dose-response research where higher total reagent volume is required.

What is the key data limitation for Pinealon research?

All primary Pinealon preclinical data originate from the Khavinson group (St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology). Independent replication by external laboratories has not been published in peer-reviewed literature. No receptor has been identified. No chronic toxicity data exists. These limitations must be central to any Pinealon research programme design and result interpretation.

Has Pinealon been studied in Alzheimer's disease models?

Khavinson et al. (2021, Molecules, PMID 33401560) documented EDR involvement in gene expression pathways relevant to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, including amyloid pathway gene regulation and dendritic spine restoration in disease model preparations. These findings are from the same single research group and have not been independently replicated.

References

• Khavinson V, Ribakova Y, Kulebiakin K, et al. Pinealon increases cell viability by suppressing free radical levels and activating proliferative processes. Rejuvenation Research. 2012;15(3):313–316. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22567179/
• Khavinson V, Linkova N, Diatlova A, Trofimova S. EDR Peptide: Possible mechanism of gene expression and protein synthesis regulation involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Molecules. 2021;26(1):159. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33401560/

Disclaimer: Pinealon (EDR Tripeptide) is exclusively for laboratory research purposes. RCDbio products are not intended to diagnose, prevent, treat, or cure any disease or medical condition.

The Food and Drug Administration has not evaluated the statements on our website. This product is not approved for human or veterinary use. Researchers must comply with all applicable local, state, and federal laws and regulations governing the purchase and use of research compounds. By purchasing, you agree to our Terms and Conditions. RCDbio reserves the right to refuse sales to unauthorized individuals.

ATTENTION: All RCDbio products are strictly for LABORATORY AND RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY. They are not intended for human consumption, veterinary use, or any other non-research application. For queries, complaints, or support, contact support@rcdbio.co