Table of Contents
Introduction
Humanin is a potent endogenous peptide originating from the mitochondrial genome. Comprising 21 to 24 amino acids, its synthesis location determines its length. The remarkable properties of Humanin mainly stem from its ability to bind with both intracellular and extracellular receptors within the body. Through this mechanism, Humanin exerts potent neuroprotective and cytoprotective effects.
The commercially-available Humanin refers to the synthetic version of the peptide. It is believed that Humanin peptide suppresses apoptosis as it inhibits BAX translocation. Notably, Humanin has demonstrated a plausible role in preventing various diseases, including ischemia and Alzheimer’s. Its impact could even extend beyond disease prevention, encompassing a range of other health benefits. Humanin has shown potential in inhibiting cellular apoptosis, promoting increased longevity, and reducing insulin resistance. These diverse effects highlight the multifaceted nature of Humanin and its potential as a therapeutic target for various health conditions.
Nevertheless, it is important to note that the FDA has not approved any form of Humanin supplementation. Consequently, we suggest you purchase this chemical for research purposes only.
What is Humanin?
Humanin (HN) is a naturally-occurring micropeptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA. It acts as a cytoprotective protein, safeguarding cells from programmed cell death, known as apoptosis. By binding to specific proteins involved in cell destruction, Humanin effectively inhibits the initiation of apoptosis.
Research studies have demonstrated that Humanin protects neurons by potentially suppressing neuronal cell death caused by various genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, it has been shown to protect a range of cell types, including neurons, muscle cells, cardiac tissue, and the retina of the eye, from the detrimental effects of apoptosis.
In addition, some studies have indicated that Humanin can potentially improve cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease. However, it is important to note that while these findings are promising, Humanin is not currently approved for human consumption as a drug. Its effects should not be regarded as a definitive cure for any disease. Therefore, Humanin should only be obtained and used for research purposes.
Key Features
- 98% Purity
- 10mg
- Sold for research purposes only
How It Works
The mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin exerts its diverse functions by interacting with intracellular molecules and cell membrane receptors, leading to cytoprotective and neuroprotective effects.
Cytoprotective Properties: One of the key mechanisms by which humanin peptide exerts cytoprotective effects is through its interaction with the X protein associated with Bcl-2, also known as Bax protein. Bax protein plays a pivotal role in cellular death or apoptosis. Humanin peptide binds to the inactive form of Bax protein, inhibiting its conformational changes and effectively suppressing apoptosis. [R]
Furthermore, humanin peptide binds to other intracellular molecules, including actinin-4 and phosphoprotein 8, both of which are involved in cellular apoptosis. By binding to these proteins, humanin peptide induces cytoprotective actions, enhancing cell survival. [R]
Neuroprotective Properties: Humanin peptide interacts with two G protein-coupled peptide receptors, FPRL-1 and FPRL-2, which are implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Through its binding to these receptors, humanin peptide prevents amyloid from binding to FPRL-1 and FPRL-2, thereby thwarting the development of Alzheimer’s disease. This highlights the neuroprotective properties of the peptide. [R][R]
Potential Benefits of Humanin
Humanin and Alzheimer’s Disease
In a study involving a 9-month-old mouse model with elevated amyloid proteins associated with familial Alzheimer’s disease genes, some mice were administered humanin while others received a placebo. The mice treated with humanin for 3 months demonstrated significantly improved memory and learning abilities compared to those treated with the placebo. Another study suggests that humanin could have the potential to be a preventive therapy for Alzheimer’s disease; however, further research is needed, and it cannot be considered a valid treatment for AD. [R]
Humanin and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Humanin has been found to be an important component of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and can reduce oxidative stress in this tissue. Supplementation with humanin improves RPE function and enhances its resistance to apoptosis in cell culture. These findings hold promise for the development of more effective strategies to treat and prevent retinal diseases like macular degeneration. [R]
Humanin’s Role in Hypoxia and Brain Ischemia
Research conducted on isolated retinal cells exposed to cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia and cell apoptosis showed that humanin reversed the effects of low oxygen levels caused by cobalt chloride, thereby protecting the cells. Other studies have indicated that humanin can increase metabolic activity and promote cell survival during lymphocyte death, suggesting its potential use in treating poor metabolism and brain ischemia. [R][R]
Humanin Peptide in Insulin Resistance and Weight Gain
A study on non obese diabetic mice revealed that humanin treatment restored glucose tolerance levels within 6 weeks and delayed the onset of diabetes when administered for 20 weeks. Additionally, in a separate study on mice fed a high-fat diet, humanin administration resulted in a significant reduction in body weight gain, increased insulin levels, higher energy expenditure, and decreased fasting glucose levels. These findings suggest that humanin may help prevent fat accumulation and weight gain. [R][R][R]
Humanin and Cancer
In an experiment involving carcinogenic mice treated with Bortezomib and Humanin peptide, Bortezomib-induced cell apoptosis was effectively reversed by co-treatment with Humanin, protecting healthy cells. This research indicates that mitochondrial-derived peptide Humanin can shield cells from the harmful effects of chemotherapeutic agents and potentially prevent carcinogenesis. [R]
Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor that is now being explored in pediatric cancer clinical trials. So far, no adverse effects on bone development have been recorded in children who have been treated. Bortezomib, on the other hand, has recently been shown to trigger apoptosis in growth plate chondrocytes and inhibit linear bone formation in mice. A group of researchers hypothesizes that [Gly14]-humanin (HNG), a synthetic antiapoptotic peptide of 24 amino acids, can protect against bortezomib-induced bone and cartilage growth impairment. [R]
Neuroprotection
Clinical research has demonstrated that humanin peptide protects neurons by preventing mitochondria from activating the cell death pathway. Humanin inhibits the action of Bcl-2 boosting proteins tBid and Bid, which prevents the activation of the apoptotic signaling pathway. Additionally, humanin has shown neuroprotective effects in the context of Alzheimer’s disease by reducing cell death caused by beta-amyloid plaque buildup. It also acts as an antioxidant and protects against excitotoxic cell death. [R][R]
Humanin and Heart Disease
Humanin peptide has been shown to protect blood vessels from the detrimental effects of oxidized LDL cholesterol, inhibiting the formation of free radicals and reducing apoptosis. As humanin levels decline with age, maintaining stable levels becomes crucial for overall health. Recent research suggests that humanin may serve as a diagnostic marker and a potential treatment for cardiovascular disease. [R]
A group of researchers came to the conclusion that humanin protects cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts against oxidative stress caused by an increase in reactive oxygen species levels. This discovery underlines the research chemical’s feasible protective effect in atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion damage, and heart failure. [R]
Humanin and Cellular Longevity
Studies have revealed that growth hormone (GH) negatively affects HN peptide levels. For instance, mice deficient in GH production exhibit higher levels of HN and live longer compared to mice with sufficient GH levels. Additionally, HN plays a crucial role in controlling cell death, enhancing insulin sensitivity, reducing inflammation, inhibiting cell death, and degrading atherosclerotic plaques. [R][R]
Precautions to Consider
When researching the use of Humanin, it is essential to take certain precautions. Here are some precautions to keep in mind:
Observe best practices for studying research chemicals: Studying research chemicals requires a responsible and informed approach to ensure safety and meaningful scientific exploration. Research chemicals, also known as designer drugs or experimental compounds, are substances synthesized for scientific investigation or exploration of their properties.
Follow recommended dosage: Adhere to the recommended dosage instructions outlined on the product label. Avoid exceeding the suggested dose to minimize the risk of potential adverse effects among test subjects.
Potential Side Effects
While the administration of Humanin has shown promising results in research studies, clinical trials involving Humanin in laboratory subjects are still pending, mainly due to the relatively recent discovery of the peptide approximately 15 to 20 years ago. These ongoing clinical trials aim to comprehensively investigate the potential of Humanin as a therapeutic agent, particularly in the treatment of prevalent neuro disorders.
As of now, the identified side effects of Humanin appear to be relatively minor. However, the full extent of its limitations in human subjects is yet to be determined, as research on the peptide is still ongoing.
Some of the commonly reported side effects associated with Humanin administration include but are not limited to, pain at the site of administration, fatigue, nausea, weakness, and headaches. These side effects serve as areas of consideration and further investigation as the research on Humanin progresses.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the utilization of Humanin as a therapeutic agent holds significant promise in addressing various health conditions and diseases. Humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, exerts its effects by suppressing neuronal cell death through the inhibition of apoptosis, the programmed cell death pathway. It exhibits a wide range of benefits, including its potential in age-related macular degeneration, protection of muscle cells, regulation of insulin sensitivity, and filtration of blood components.
Scientific research has demonstrated that Humanin plays a crucial role in protecting neurons, and blood vessels, and maintaining the integrity of mitochondrial DNA. By suppressing receptor activator-mediated processes, Humanin helps to reduce excessive bone remodeling and treat severe inflammation, thereby preventing severe bone loss and widespread tissue damage. Moreover, it safeguards pancreatic beta cells from death and filters blood components, contributing to normal physiologic function.
The presence of Humanin in the body helps to protect cells and keep them healthy, inhibiting cell death and preserving normal cellular function. The understanding of Humanin’s function continues to expand, with ongoing research exploring its potential role in neurodegenerative diseases. These findings highlight the importance of Humanin and other mitochondrial-derived peptides in regulating apoptosis and controlling cell death, ultimately contributing to the protection of cells.
As research progresses, the modulation of Humanin levels may open up new avenues for therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing tissue damage and promoting overall well-being. The multifaceted properties of the peptide underscore its potential as a valuable tool in the quest to address various health conditions, maintain cellular health, and preserve normal physiological functions.
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