EPO (Erythropoietin)

Description

EPO (Erythropoietin)

Preclinical and biomedical studies indicate that Erythropoietin (EPO) is a naturally occurring glycoprotein hormone and cytokine primarily responsible for regulating red blood cell (erythrocyte) production in the bone marrow. EPO plays a central role in oxygen homeostasis by stimulating the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of erythroid progenitor cells.

EPO is mainly synthesized in the peritubular interstitial cells of the kidneys in response to hypoxic (low oxygen) conditions. Structurally, EPO is a 165–amino acid glycoprotein with multiple carbohydrate side chains essential for its biological activity and stability in circulation. In laboratory and preclinical research systems, EPO has been widely investigated for its roles in hematopoiesis, cellular survival signaling, tissue protection, angiogenesis, and hypoxia-response pathways.

Chemical / Biological Properties

• Molecular Type: Glycoprotein hormone
• Amino Acid Length: 165 residues
• Molecular Weight: ~30,400 Da (varies with glycosylation)
• Primary Structure: Human Erythropoietin
•  Synonyms: EPO, Hematopoietin, Erythropoietin-alpha (recombinant forms)
• Biological Class: Hematopoietic growth factor
• Receptor: Erythropoietin Receptor (EPOR)
• Primary Source (Endogenous): Kidney (peritubular fibroblasts)
• Intended Use: Laboratory research and experimental studies only

Working Mechanism of Erythropoietin in Experimental Models

EPOR Activation & JAK2/STAT5 Signaling

EPO binds to the Erythropoietin Receptor (EPOR) on erythroid progenitor cells. This binding triggers JAK2 kinase activation, leading to phosphorylation of STAT5 and downstream gene transcription that promotes:

• Cell survival
  • Proliferation
  • Differentiation into mature red blood cells

Anti-Apoptotic Signaling

In preclinical systems, EPO activates anti-apoptotic pathways including:

• PI3K/Akt signaling
  • MAPK/ERK pathways

These mechanisms protect erythroid and non-erythroid cells from programmed cell death under hypoxic and oxidative stress conditions.

Hypoxia Response & Oxygen Regulation

EPO synthesis is controlled by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α). Under low-oxygen conditions, HIF-1α accumulates and increases transcription of the EPO gene, enabling adaptive increases in red blood cell mass.

Neuroprotective & Cytoprotective Effects (Experimental)

Beyond hematopoiesis, EPO has demonstrated tissue-protective and neurotrophic activity in laboratory models. EPO influences cellular survival, angiogenesis, and inflammation modulation in experimental systems.

What are the Potential Research Benefits of EPO?

Preclinical and experimental research suggests that EPO may:

• Support red blood cell lineage development
  • Enhance oxygen-delivery capacity in hypoxia models
  • Protect neurons and glial cells in neurodegeneration studies
  • Promote angiogenesis and endothelial integrity
  • Modulate inflammation and oxidative stress pathways
  • Serve as a reference protein in hematology and regenerative medicine research

What are the Potential Side Effects Observed in Experimental Settings?

The following effects have been reported in laboratory and controlled research environments:

• Increased erythrocyte production in experimental models
  • Elevated blood viscosity under high-dose conditions
  • Altered vascular tone in angiogenesis studies
  • Modulation of immune signaling in cytokine research
  • Cellular overstimulation in non-target tissues under supraphysiologic exposure

Why Choose RCDbio for EPO (Erythropoietin)?

RCDbio supplies research-grade compounds, analytical standards, and laboratory-tested liquids with strict quality control and third-party purity verification. Our Dihexa  Liquid is manufactured under controlled conditions to ensure batch consistency, chemical integrity, and reproducibility across experimental applications.

Disclaimer

Is exclusively for laboratory research purposes. RCDbio products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.He Food and Drug Administration has not evaluated the statements on our website. Researchers must comply with all applicable local laws and regulations. By purchasing, you agree to our Terms and Conditions. For queries, complaints, or support, please contact support@rcdbio.co.